# # Program information file # PROGRAM_ID 2022B066 PROGRAM_TITLE Near-Infrared Characterization of Evolving Atmospheric Processes in Jupiter During Juno Perijoves 44-48 and Potential JWST and HST Observations PROGRAM_INV1 Glenn Orton PROGRAM_INV2 Thomas Momary PROGRAM_INV3 Emma Dahl PROGRAM_INV4 Kevin Baines PROGRAM_INV5 Xi Zhang PROGRAM_SCICAT major planets / satellites PROGRAM_ABSTRACT_BEG We propose to measure the ongoing evolution of vertical aerosol structure in key features of Jupiter's atmosphere, concomitantly with the Juno spacecraft in its extended mission, using SpeX filtered imaging and spectroscopy. We will determine or constrain the physical and chemical processes controlling the atmosphere, extending and enhancing Juno observations by providing a global context and tracking time evolution of features of interest. Specific questions will be addressed this semester. [I] What is the relationship between cloud color and altitude? We will test a model in which higher-altitude particles are UV-irradiated, causing changes in their colors, focusing on two regions in which such changes are taking place, [a] the central component of Jupiter's Equatorial Zone [known as 'EZc'] and [b] the second-largest vortex in Jupiter's atmosphere, known as Oval BA. Both are currently changing or expected to change color, and we will measure changes in particulate altitude associated with these changes. [II] What structural and dynamical changes are associated with strong perturbations of the Great Red Spot? Perturbations to its appearance in 2019 May are expected to be repeated. Near-infrared observations will provide critical 3-D constraints on competing models for such interactions. [III] What is the role of a 'stealth superstorm' in a planetary-scale transition? Rare convective eruptions are emerging from a single spot we call a 'stealth superstorm'. We will measure the strength of the eruptions they produce with measurements of the deeper atmosphere by Juno's Microwave Radiometer. This combination will provide a 3D picture of the sequence of events associated large-scale changes in the atmosphere and clues to their origin. The proposed observations will provide a critical component of a campaign of Earth-based support for Juno that is unavailable at any other facility. They will also support contemporaneous HST imaging, as well as possibly contemporaneous JWST observations. PROGRAM_ABSTRACT_END